
Resources
A foundational review exploring how digital twins (virtual replicas of patients) can support surgical planning, simulation, and predictive analytics. It covers current capabilities, potential clinical benefits, and the technical/ethical obstacles to adoption.

Journal Article: Near real-time estimation of blood loss and flow-pressure re‑distribution during unilateral nephrectomy
This paper presents a method to monitor blood loss and haemodynamic changes during a nephrectomy, using real‑time modelling. A key step toward intraoperative digital twin systems

Lisa developed a groundbreaking 3D-printed synthetic kidney models, also known as “organ phantoms” using hydrogel materials. These realistic replicas are designed for surgical training, offering an ethical and animal-free alternative

Journal Article: A Numerical Simulation Study of Soft Tissue Resection for Low‑Damage Precision Cancer Surgery
This paper presents a simulation model to optimize surgical cutting parameters for soft tissue resection, aiming to minimize collateral damage during tumour removal. The study demonstrates how numerical simulations can guide precision surgery and lays groundwork for integrating digital twins in oncologic procedures

Journal Article: Digital twins assisted surgery: A conceptual framework for transforming surgical training and navigation
This paper talks about how digital twins (virtual replicas of a patient’s anatomy) can transform surgical planning, training, and real-time decision-making. It outlines a conceptual framework for integrating these models into clinical practice and discusses key challenges such as data integration, validation, and real-time simulation accuracy.
